The English Reformation

Which is the more accurate characterization of the English Reformation:

1) Henry VIII was unable to control his personal life and marriage, leading to long term political and religious consequences such as the English Civil Wars, the weakening of the English monarchy, and the total fracture of English religious culture.

2) In a calculated move, Henry VIII asserted his royal authority over England by eliminating the competing authority of the Pope. He established the basis for absolutist monarchy (unchecked royal authority) in England, and created a new English culture based on Anglicanism.

European Exploration and Discovery

Which is the more accurate description of the European explorers Christopher Columbus, Hernan Cortes, and Francesco Pizarro -- heroic discoverer of new worlds and civilization or perpetrator of genocide against the Amer-Indian populations?

Discussion Question #4 - Hundred Years War and Holy Grail

   

 Soldiers who fought in the Hundred Years’ War would have identified strongly with the “nation” for which they fought. How has this changed from the “Age of Chivalry” seen in “Sir Gawain Sets Out”? How do you explain the difference between “the individual” and “the nation” in war during the Middle Ages?