The English Reformation

Which is the more accurate characterization of the English Reformation:

1) Henry VIII was unable to control his personal life and marriage, leading to long term political and religious consequences such as the English Civil Wars, the weakening of the English monarchy, and the total fracture of English religious culture.

2) In a calculated move, Henry VIII asserted his royal authority over England by eliminating the competing authority of the Pope. He established the basis for absolutist monarchy (unchecked royal authority) in England, and created a new English culture based on Anglicanism.